Chibemba Male Initiation - 1973

Every five years or so young teenage boys of the Luvale People are taken to a secret bush camp for about six months where they undergo a rite of passage to manhood. It involves developing survival skills and learning how to be a good husband and parent. The initiation process includes circumcision. Makishi costumes are worn by adult male members of the Chibemba, each of which depicts a value that initiates are expected to adopt. A large celebration is held upon completion of the initiation process..